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Political Party Entanglement Myth or Reality
The bender that began America: Bar tab shows framers celebrated a newly finished U.S. Constitution and a future president. By Steve Hendrix Washington Post
“It had been a long week after an exhausting summer. On Sept. 14, 1787, delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia put down their quill pens, all but done with the final draft of the country's founding document they would sign three days later.
It was a Friday night. And delegate George Washington promptly went on the bender that began America. At City Tavern, the framers' unofficial watering hole four blocks from Independence Hall, Was Delaware the guest of the Light Horse of Philadelphia, a volunteer cavalry corps that had crossed the Delaware with Washington and wintered at Valley Forge. The First Troop, as the unit came to be known, could fight. And boy could they drink. From the archives, the republic's founding bar tab: 54 bottles of Madeira wine, 60 bottles of claret, 22 bottles of porter, 12 bottles of beer, 8 bottles of cider and 7 large bowls of punch (both of which were probably alcoholic). In all, according to the itemized bill for the evening from the troop's archives, more than 45 gallons of booze were served to "55 gentlemens," who also got dinner, fruit, relishes and olives. The nine musicians and seven waiters ran up their own liquor bill (21 additional bottles of wine) that the troop paid for. There was a line item for cigars and candles and another for the broken wine glasses, decanters, and tumblers.”
Could it have been those political parties that caused the mess we have today?
They forgot to include Political Parties before they signed the Constitution.
Political Parties entanglement occurs when the political system degenerates to two parties who interact or share the same space in such a way that the platform state of a party cannot be described independently of the platform state of the other, including when the parties are separated by a large distance. The Political Parties entanglement is at the heart of the disparity between a classical historical interpretation of the no Political Parties originating event and derived Political Parties outcome.
Measurements of Political Parties entanglement such as relative position according to scientific research poles, projected momentum, media spin, and polarization is perfectly correlated. For example, if a one Political Party generates their total spin clockwise, then the spin of the other Political Party is anticlockwise. However, this behavior gives rise to paradoxical effects: any measurement of a Parties Platform results in an apparent and irreversible collapse of that Party's Platform and changes the original Political Parties entanglement state and thus affect the entangled system.
The paradox is that a measurement made on either of the Political Party apparently collapses the state of the entire entangled system—and does so instantaneously before any information about the measurement result could have been communicated to the voters (if information cannot travel faster than light) and hence there can never be an assured “proper" measurement of any part of the entangled pair. Like measuring a 'ghost in a shell'. You cannot see them in their Congressional shell and the ghost inside disappears when you crack the shell.
We should place in our Constitution for “We the People” controls, protections, and "check and balances" upon parties.
The reconstruction of a holographic image of two entangled photons (Image credit: Nature Photonics, Zia et al.)
Warnings of the Founding Fathers
The US Constitution should "by force of public opinion," make Parties responsible.
George Washington's Farewell Address to the Nation
Four years before Washington left office, when he had considered retiring after his first term, he had asked James Madison to draft a farewell address. In the spring of 1796, Washington found Madison’s draft, made some additions of his own, and turned it over to Hamilton, who ended up drafting his own version.
According to Washington, one of the chief dangers of letting regional loyalties dominate loyalty to the nation was that it would lead to factionalism, or the development of competing political parties. When Americans voted according to party loyalty, rather than the common interest of the nation, Washington feared it would foster a “spirit of revenge,” and enable the rise of “cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men” who would “usurp for themselves the reins of government; destroying afterward the very engines, which have lifted them to unjust dominion.”
FACT CHECK Are the words of the following two paragraphs the words of Washington, Madison, or Hamilton?
There is an opinion that parties in free countries are useful checks upon the administration of the government and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This within certain limits is probably true; and in governments of a monarchical cast, patriotism may look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of party. But in those of the popular character, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it is certain there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose. And there being constant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force of public opinion, to mitigate and assuage it. A fire not to be quenched demands uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should consume.
This government, the offspring of our own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, adopted upon full investigation and mature deliberation, completely free in its principles, in the distribution of its powers, uniting security with energy, and containing within itself a provision for its own amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and your support. Respect for its authority, compliance with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty. The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government. But the Constitution which at any time exists, till changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government.
(It looks like politicians have always used ghost writers.)
Franklin, Thomson, Madison & Myths
The final session of the Constitutional Convention on 17 September began with the reading and correction of the engrossed Constitution. Then, according to Maryland delegate James McHenry, “Dr. Franklin put a paper into Mr. [James] Wilson’s hand to read containing his reasons for assenting to the constitution. Two days later the Pennsylvania Gazette reported that the speech was “extremely sensible” and that Franklin’s support of the Constitution would recommend it to all his Pennsylvania friends It is reported that "Dr. Franklin" wrote, I quote a few of those words: "....I confess that I do not entirely approve of this Constitution at present,.… I agree to this Constitution, with all its Faults,.… I doubt too whether any other Convention we can obtain, may be able to make a better Constitution: For when you assemble a Number of Men to have the Advantage of their joint Wisdom, you inevitably assemble with those Men all their Prejudices, their Passions, their Errors of Opinion, their local Interests, and their selfish Views.…"
Charles Thomson, a Founding Father of the United States, prepared the Journals of the Continental Congress, and his and John Hancock's names were the only two to appear on the first printing of the United States Declaration of Independence. As secretary of Congress, Thomson chose what to include in the official journals of the Continental Congress. He also prepared a work of over 1,000 pages that covered the political history of the American Revolution. After leaving office, he chose to destroy the work to preserve the myths of War of Independence leaders as heroes and stated his desire to avoid "contradict[ing] all the histories of the great events of the Revolution. Let the world admire the supposed wisdom and valor of our great men. Perhaps they may adopt the qualities that have been ascribed to them, and thus good may be done.
I shall not undeceive future generations."[10][11] https://archive.csac.history.wisc.edu/assessments_64.pdf
"Big Majority of Americans Wants President Elected by Popular Vote," published in the Washington Post of May 19, 1966. Senator Birch Bayh inserted it into the US Congressional Record. The Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana on May 19,1966 in the US Senate said,
"Direct election, contrary to the beliefs of many, would strengthen the role of smaller States in the national election. It would truly nationalize the election and the campaign preceding it. Candidates would have to go where the votes are, and that is everywhere. Today, the small States are virtually ignored. But under direct election, candidates would not only be concerned with winning good majorities where they are strong, but with winning respectable minorities as well in areas where they are not so strong. Direct election would greatly encourage voter participation. Today, if a State votes traditionally in the column of one party, voters of the other party correctly assume that their vote will count for naught. Under direct election, these votes will be as important as votes cast anywhere else. Direct election will strengthen the two-party system. No longer will the traditional minority party in any State be without the incentive to bring out as many votes as possible for the candidate leading the national ticket of his party. Nor will a small third party, by carrying two or three States in a close contest for electoral votes, be able to force the choice into the House of Representatives where it could exert disproportionate power. In sum, direct popular election brings with it many virtues and no vices; it would substitute clarity for confusion, decisiveness for danger, popular choice for political chance. James Madison, the father of our Constitution, knew that the President had to be independent of the Congress. He knew, also, that in deciding upon a means of choosing a President some compromise would be reached. But he had his own ideas as to how the President would best be elected. Madison said that "the people at large was the fittest in itself." We are at long last arriving at the place and time in our history where meaning has been brought to the preamble of our Constitution, "We, the people of the United States." Today we are, indeed, "We, the people." If there was doubt about it in the early years of the Republic, there can be no doubt today. Let us echo Madison. Let us put our trust in the people."
Jefferson
The Founding Fathers Feared Political Factions Would Tear the Nation Apart
Jefferson Missed Convention, But History.com. says, Jefferson on Oct 1824 wrote "I am no believer in the amalgamation of parties, nor do I consider it as either desirable or useful for the public; but only that, like religious differences, a difference in politics should never be permitted to enter into social intercourse, or to disturb its friendships, its charities or justice. in that form, they are censors of the conduct of each other, and useful watchmen for the public. men by their constitutions are naturally divided into two parties. 1. those who fear and distrust the people and wish to draw all powers from them into the hands of the higher classes. 2ndly those who identify themselves with the people, have confidence in them cherish and consider them as the most honest & safe, altho’ not the most wise depository of the public interests. in every country these two parties exist, and in every one where they are free to think, speak, and write, they will declare themselves.
https://www.history.com/news/founding-fathers-political-parties-opinion
Gentlemen and Grinches.
What do you think? What do you say are the problems? What are your solutions? What do you think "We the People" should do about our Presidential elections?
As they counted the votes after the two thousand presidential elections, I worried our country might be torn by a civil war again. But on second thought both Bush and Gore were both religious gentlemen, a win, and a win. Yes, they both won! So did we. Clinton and Gore won the popular vote. Trump and Bush won the “Electoral College”.
2016 Clinton 227 65,853,677 48.02%
2016 Trump 304 62,985,153 45.93%
2000 Gore 266 50,999,897 48.38%
2000 Bush 271 50,456,002 47.87% The US Supreme Court intervened.
” On November 7, 2000, projections indicated that Gore's opponent, then-Governor of Texas George W. Bush, the Republican candidate, had narrowly won the election. Gore won the national popular vote but lost the Electoral College vote after a legal battle over disputed vote counts in the state of Florida. Bush won the state of Florida in the initial count and in each subsequent recount at the time. While a NORC study of uncounted ballots released on November 12, 2001 found that with a full statewide hand recount, Gore may have won Florida under revised vote standards (depending on which standard was used, his margin of victory would have varied from 60 to 171 votes),[2] under rules devised by the Florida Supreme Court and accepted by the Gore campaign at the time, Bush would likely have won the recount.[3]"
However, in 2020 there was a clear win.
2020 Biden 306 81,268,924 51.51%
2020 Trump 232 73,223,975 46.80%
I see the enemy, I point my finger at the enemy, and the enemy is the problem. Mirror, mirror on the wall who is the worst enemy of all. Impeach the enemy! That is a spectacle that screams for "We the People" to fix our presidential election system. Give them the black grinch award.
Gentleman is a man who is polite and behaves well towards other people, especially women. Lady is a woman who behaves well towards other people, including men. Both the Lady and Gentleman can be described as fair, impartial, objective, candid, equitable, candid, evenhanded, just, unbiased, and equal. They are fair because they are not influenced by an unreasonable opinion of someone or something. They do not discriminate or treat a person or group of people differently, especially in a worse way than the way in which you treat other people, because of their race, gender, sexuality, etc. They are not zealots, bigots, or prejudiced.
A zealot is a person who has very strong opinions about something and tries to make other people have them too.
A bigot is a person who has strong, unreasonable beliefs and who does not like other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life:
A prejudice is an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge.
The zealots and bigots who try to force their opinion on others can be described as dictatorial, magisterial, dogmatic, and doctrinaire people who often use high-handed methods in a domineering way against those who do not share their opinion. Any person who is a zealot, bigot or prejudiced is not a Gentleman or a Lady.
SEE Doolittle, Amos. The looking glass for 1787. A house divided against itself cannot stand. Mat. chap. 13th verse twenty-six. Watercolor. New Haven:1787. From the Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661778/.
Colonial Militias
When George Washington first took office, there was no United States Army. When the US Constitution of 1787 was adopted, there was no United States Army. The Union relied upon the militias of the States.
“As the Revolutionary War neared, the colonies had fully organized military units ready at the calling. For example, Governor Trumbull of Connecticut reported in 1774 that he had 26,260 men and that each town had its own units that drilled four times a year. New Jersey reported 26 regiments of infantry and 11 troops of cavalry and Pennsylvania, in 1775, had 53 battalions of foot. By the mid-18th century, militia law of most colonies required that all free males between the ages of sixteen and fifty be enlisted. These men were organized into companies of thirty-two to sixty-eight men. Companies were organized into regiments and the Governor appointed the regimental officers.” (And in Massachusetts the first independent Militia formed.) “The colonials in Worcester met and came up with a new militia mobilization plan in their County Convention. The Convention required that all current militia officers resign; the motive being that ranking officers in the militia could be considered strong Loyalists.[14] Officers were then elected by their regiments. In turn, the officers then appointed one third of their militia regiment as Minutemen. Other places followed Worcester's lead, electing new militia officers and appointing Minutemen.[
15]” https://revolutionarywarjournal.com/militias-in-colonial-america/
In the early months of the American Revolution, the first regular U.S. fighting force, the Continental Army, was organized by the Second Continental Congress on June 14, 1775. The Continental Army was supplemented by local militias and volunteer troops that were either loyal to individual states or otherwise independent. Most of the Continental Army was disbanded in 1783 after the Treaty of Paris formally ended the war. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The US Constitution provides, "To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; To provide and maintain a Navy; To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; Second Amendment A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Third Amendment No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law."
A final note, “To ensure civilian control of the military, U.S. law provides that the secretary of defense cannot have served as an active duty commissioned officer in the military in the preceding seven years, increased to ten years in the case of a general. Congress can grant waivers in such cases.” [10]
In the United States, state defense forces (SDFs) are military units that operate under the sole authority of a state government. State defense forces are authorized by state and federal law and are under the command of the governor of each state.[1][2][3]
Presidential Appointment of Supreme Court Justices
The amendment clearly sets up for the government of the United States of America federal provisions for federal Presidential Nominating Primaries and for federal Nationwide Popular Direct Election of the President.
The Supreme Court has intervened in more than a half dozen Presidential Election disputes.
Did the Supreme Court decide the outcome of the two thousand presidential elections about the disputes between Bush v. Gore?
The proposed provisions are federal but do not say, “All disputes relating to Election of the President may be resolved by Federal Courts Systems if SCOTUS deems it necessary and expedient to the choosing the President in a timely manner."
While the Constitution stipulates qualifications for being President of the United States, it is silent as to qualifications for Supreme Court justices.
The President "He shall have Power, ......by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint.......Judges of the supreme Court, ......"
The proposal for the 28th amendment does not say anything about the US Supreme Court.
But should the law either by Congressional Law or by Constitutional Amendment stipulate that the powers of the President to appoint.......Judges of the supreme Court, ......" only those who hold an acceptable educational credentials from an approved American Bar Association law school and who have passed the Bar Exams?
Costs of the Federal Elections
Both the State and Federal government will have additional expenses to insert Parties into the Presidential election processes.
The Federal government establishes federal electoral districts and requires States to conduct Presidential Primaries and Presidential Elections in them. Then should the Federal government pay for the additional expense incurred by the States to conduct, count, and certify the Presidential Primaries and Presidential Election results? The Federal government should not pay for all expenses of the general elections when States include Gubernatorial, State legislative seats, other State offices and referendum questions. A counter point is that it is the State Parties recommend a Presidential Slate through the Presidential Primaries. They derive the benefit of being able in the US Congress Assembled to qualify and to recommend Presidential Slates. Should Federal and State governments should each pay for half of the added cost of the elections?
The Presidential Campaigns are concentrated in brief period and likely will increase the cost of running for President. Should the Federal and State governments each pay on a fifty-fifty basis for the added cost through public financing subsidies?
Public Financing of Presidential Campaigns Versus PACs
Will the new Presidential Election procedures cause an excessive burden because there may be so many more candidates? Will the Federal Election Commission of the United States of America be able to prevent campaign financing debacles? It does not look promising. It only had seventy-four million to work with for the 2020 election and there is no way to break the deadlock caused by the Commission being comprised of an equal number of Democrats and Republicans. Further the law imposed unrealistic limits upon candidates that were willing to participate. Given the Constitutional license from freedom of speech Special Interest Groups use political action committees to fund their efforts to influence candidates.
“The commission was unable to function from late August 2019 to December 2020, with an exception for the period of May 2020 to July 2020, due to lack of a quorum.[4][5] In the absence of a quorum, the commission could not vote on complaints or give guidance through advisory opinions. As of May 19, 2020, there were 350 outstanding matters on the agency's enforcement docket and 227 items waiting for action.[6] In December 2020, three commissioners were appointed to restore a quorum; however, deadlocks arising from the equal number of members from the Republican and Democratic parties with the absence of a tie-breaking vote has resulted in some controversial investigations being not pursued.” From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The competing PACs counterbalance themselves and are mostly ineffective. The new Presidential Elections procedures shorten and compress the timeline so that it is likely that PACs will be more ineffective. In summary, the PACs get their money from their special interest members. The PACs spending money to favor candidates is like a rally's bonfire that only produces eye candy and smoke.
The PACs should not be able to obtain more access to politicians through large PAC expenditures which may make those politicians look good to the voters. Ethical Politicians ought to give in their oaths on becoming a candidate that they will give equal access to their constituents, Special Interest Groups and all voters will share equal access. Candidates should be warning the PACs that they should not expect a quid pro quo. Politicians’ oaths are meant to prevent inequities and should be respected-not only in letter but also in spirit. Of course, candidates should return the contributions from people who expect quid pro quo.
Should a new Federal-State Election Commission be set up by a FEDERAL-STATE
Committees of Correspondence the First Patriots
The participants in the Symposium need to act like Colonial Committees of CORRESPONDENCE. They should correspond digitally with hundreds of their contacts.
And We should place in our Constitution for “We the People” controls, protections, and "check and balances" upon parties.
"The Committees of Correspondence were provisional governments formed by patriot leaders in the Thirteen American Colonies as a means of communicating with each other and their agents in Britain on the verge of the American Revolution. After first being established in Boston in 1764, Committees of Correspondence spread throughout the colonies, and by 1773, they served as “shadow governments,” seen by the people as having more power than the colonial legislatures and local British officials. The exchange of information between the committees built the patriots’ resolve and solidarity that encouraged the formation of the First Continental Congress in 1774 and the writing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. By the time America declared its independence in 1776, as many as 8,000 patriots served on colonial and local Committees of Correspondence." By Robert Longley Updated on October 14, 2020. See https://www.thoughtco.com/committees-of-correspondence-definition-and-history-5082089
Those Patriots proved that the pen is mightier than the sword. And they proved they were mightier than the wealth of King George. 'Many of the delegates to the US Constitutional Convention of 1787 were members of the Committees of Correspondence.' The latter needs an appropriate citation.
In the 1760s, the Sons of Liberty used committees of correspondence to organize resistance between cities. The most famous and influential committees of correspondence, however, operated in the 1770s. In this decade there were three consecutive systems of committees of correspondence: the Boston-Massachusetts system, the inter-colonial system, and the post-Coercive Acts system. Each system was organized and worked in slightly different ways.
The Virginia Committee of Correspondence was an eleven-man group formed by the House of Burgesses on March 12, 1773, in response to perceived threats to colonial charters and legislative authority resulting from the Gaspee affair. The burgesses ordered the Committee of Correspondence to write to other colonial legislatures with a request to share information about imperial legislation and any actions they might take in response. Colonial committees of correspondence previously had existed to facilitate transatlantic communication between the colonies and London, but the intent of the House of Burgesses was to create a permanent inter-colonial communication network that would be active in times of crisis and peace. In response to the request from the Virginia legislators, other colonial legislatures quickly agreed to form a network of committees of correspondence. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/the-virginia-committee-of-correspondence/
Minute Women Even President Washington's Wife Matha
George Washington’s wife, Martha Custis, spent every winter with her husband wherever the army was camped.
Instead of referring to our "Founding Fathers" we should be referring to our "Founding Families".
Women played critical roles in the American Revolution and subsequent War for Independence. Historian Cokie Roberts considers these women our Founding Mothers. Women like Abigail Adams, the wife of Massachusetts Congressional Delegate John Adams, influenced politics as did Mercy Otis Warren. Legendary journalist Cokie Roberts' New York Times bestseller, Founding Mothers, is an intimate and illuminating look at the fervently patriotic and enthusiastic women whose tireless pursuits on behalf of their families—and their country—proved just as crucial to the forging of a new nation as the rebellion that established it.
Sometimes they were flung into the vortex of battle. Such was the case of Mary Ludwig Hays, better known as Molly Pitcher, who earned fame at the Battle of Monmouth in 1778.
Without 'Founding Mothers' like Abigail Adams, Mercy Otis Warren, Deborah Read Franklin, Eliza Pinckney, Catherine Littlefield Green, Esther DeBerdt Reed, and Martha Washington our new country might have never survived.
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/women-american-revolution.
Painting of Molly Pitcher firing a cannon at the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778 by E. Percy Moran Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Painting of Molly Pitcher firing a cannon at the Battle of Monmouth in June 1778 by E. Percy Moran
Mr President
The Articles of Confederation and many Revolutionary-era state constitutions contained prohibitions of titles of nobility and other systems of hereditary privilege.
US Constitution Article I Section 9 Powers Denied Congress Clause 8 Titles of Nobility and Foreign Emoluments, “No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.”
The First US Congress had heated debates about how the address George Washington President of the United States of America. “Washington consented to the demands of James Madison and the United States House of Representatives that the title be altered to "Mr. President".[12][13][14][15] Nonetheless, later "The Honorable" became the standard title of the President in formal address, and "His/Her Excellency" became the title of the President when addressed formally internationally. “Thought.com.
The "Spirits of the Fifty-five" had a strong dislike for "Titles of Nobility."
The Kings and Queens of England gave authority and such titles of nobility to nobles who aggravated and disfavored the early colonists. Here follow examples from several colonies.
“The South Carolina Colony was founded by the British in 1663 and was one of the 13 original colonies. It was founded by eight nobles under a Royal Charter from King Charles II. IT was part of the group of Southern Colonies, along with North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, and Maryland. South Carolina became one of the wealthiest early colonies largely due to exports of cotton, rice, tobacco, and indigo dye. Much of the colony's economy was dependent upon the stolen labor of enslaved people that supported large land operations like plantations.” https://www.thoughtco.com/south-carolina-colony-103881
The eight nobles included three Earls, one Duke, one Barron and three Sirs: Edward Hyde, first earl of Clarendon; George Monck, first duke of Albemarle; William Craven, first earl of Craven; Anthony Ashley Cooper, first earl of Shaftesbury; John Berkeley, first baron Berkeley of Stratton, and his brother Sir William Berkeley, governor of Virginia; Sir George Carteret; and Sir John Colleton.
One aristocrat, Lord Thomas Fairfax, did take up residence in Virginia in 1734."[51] Lord Fairfax (1693–1781) was a Scottish baron who came to America permanently to oversee his family's vast land holdings.
Under King James II of England, the New England colonies, New York, and the Jerseys were briefly united as the Dominion of New England (1686–1689). The administration was eventually led by Governor Sir Edmund Andros who seized colonial charters, revoked land titles, and ruled without local assemblies, causing anger among the population.
Province of Massachusetts Bay. King William III sought to unite the New England colonies militarily by appointing the Earl of Bellomont to three simultaneous governorships and military command over Connecticut and Rhode Island.
North Carolina had the smallest upper-class. The richest 10 percent owned about 40 percent of all land, compared to 50 to 60 percent in neighboring Virginia and South Carolina.
British Member of Parliament Sir James Oglethorpe established the Georgia Colony in 1733 as a solution to two problems. At that time, tension was high between Spain and Great Britain, and the British feared that Spanish Florida was threatening the British Carolinas. Oglethorpe decided to establish a colony in the contested border region of Georgia and to populate it with debtors who would otherwise have been imprisoned according to standard British practice. This plan would both rid Great Britain of its undesirable elements and provide her with a base from which to attack Florida. The first colonists arrived in 1733.[57]
The nobles sought profits for the noble classes. They began endenturing and enslaving most of the colonies' populations.
After 1700, most immigrants to Colonial America arrived as indentured servants, young unmarried men and women seeking a new life in a much richer environment.[44] The consensus view among economic historians and economists is that the indentured servitude occurred largely as "an institutional response to a capital market imperfection, Mercantilism " but that it "enabled prospective migrants to borrow against their future earnings in order to pay the high cost of passage to America."[45] Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, the British shipped an estimated 50,000 to 120,000 convicts to its American colonies.”[46]
Mr. President We should place in our Constitution for “We the People” controls, protections, and "check and balances" upon parties.
Presidential Foreign Affairs Power
The President's powers over foreign affairs stem from Article II Section 2 of the Constitution. Article II provides that "[the President] shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur". U.S. Const. art. II, § 2, cl. 2. The Constitution is incredibly vague on the subject, but Article II has often been interpreted as giving the President plenary power over foreign affairs.
When an undocumented foreigner, an illegal immigrant, crosses the border into any State and commits felonious violence and assault that is invasion and domestic violence. Consequently, the United States should protect each State against invasion and domestic violence, because the United States Constitution in Article IV Section 4 says,
"The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence."
Between the US and Mexico illegal immigration is a foreign affair, invasion, and domestic violence.
The Supreme Court ruled that the only limit to the President's plenary power over foreign affairs was that they "must be exercised in subordination to the applicable provisions of the Constitution". U.S. v. Curtiss-wright Corp, 299 U.S. 304, 320 (1936). https://casetext.com/analysis/the-evolution-of-presidential-power-over-foreign-affairs
Presidential Compensation
The Compensation to the Chief Executive Officers of the democracies of the world mostly are between $200,000 and $500,000 and the US President is Paid $400,000 and expenses.
In recent elections financial disclosure of a candidate’s income and assets became an issue. Similarly, there were debates regarding income taxes and assets of Presidential candidates. The potential conflict of interest issues from his or his family’s private business dealings remain unclear.
When Congress set the salary of the president at $25,000 a year in 1789, it also set the salary of Vice President John Adams at $5,000 a year, Chief Justice John Jay at $4,000 a year, and members of the cabinet at $3,500 a year. According to computations made by the Congressional Research Service, by one measure President Washington's 25,000 salary equates to more than $4.5 million today.
In crafting the Constitution, the Framers had considered but rejected a proposal that presidents serve without pay. Alexander Hamilton explained the reasoning in Federalist No. 73, writing “a power over a man’s support is a power over his will.” A president—no matter how wealthy—who received no regular salary might be tempted to accept bribes from special interested or to be coerced by individual members of Congress. For the same reasons, the Framers felt it was essential that the president’s salary is insulated from day-to-day politics. As a result, the Constitution requires that the president’s pay be of a fixed amount for his entire period in office, so that Congress “can neither weaken his fortitude by operating on his necessities, nor corrupt his integrity by appealing to his avarice.”
Presidential Oath of Office and The Eye of Providence
Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, the framers of the Constitution rejected any religious test for office, and the First Amendment specifically denied the federal government any power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise, thus protecting any religious organization, institution, or denomination from government interference.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States#Christianity
Even the Presidential Oath does not include a test of religion.
Before he enters on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: —"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
Most Presidents have added, "so help me God."
Fifty-five percent of the world is Monotheist. Jews, Christians, Muslims, and Sikhs all worship our one God.
In the United States there are 210 million Christians, 5.8 million Jews, 3.45 million Muslims and .5 million Sikhs.
The Eye of Providence, also known as the All-Seeing Eye of God, is a symbol that is often used in a religious context. Very often, it is shown as a single human eye, surrounded by a triangle and rays of light or glory. It is often seen as a symbol for knowledge, trinity or for a god that "sees all". The most common depictions of the Eye of Providence are on the back of the Great Seal of the United States and on the United States one-dollar bill. In a Christian context, it is often inside a triangle, where the triangle represents the Trinity. Freemasons also use the symbol; there it stands for knowledge.
President and the Department of Justice
The undocumented immigrants, illegal aliens, residing in the United States are five times more than all U S protective services (including active military).
A President who has taken the oath of Office is given the respect, prerogatives, and protection by US Secret Service. "The US Department of Justice enforces federal laws that say the Office of President shall not be threatened. The US Secret Service provide protection detail to the President and other Executive officers." https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10843
The US Secret Service (3200) protects major presidential and vice-presidential candidates and their spouses within 120 days of the general elections. Also, it protects a Secretary of State nominee prior to that individual’s appointment.
The US Capitol Police (2300) protect US Senators and US House Members while in Washington DC, but otherwise they must provide for their own security.
The Justices of The Supreme Court (189) has its police force, known as the US Supreme Court Police (SCOTUS Police). The Supreme Court Police (SCPD) can now protect the homes and families of Justices.
The Diplomatic Security Service 2500) provides protective services to the Secretary of State.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (35,000) provides protective service for the US Attorney General.
The U.S. Army Protective Services Battalion (CID) (2000) protects the Secretary of Defense.
The United States Marshals Services (3752) provide protection to other government officials.
The Federal Protective Service of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the largest federal law enforcement agency with approximately 80,000 law enforcement officers. It protects nine different agencies and offices. The Department’s law enforcement officers work to safeguard “We the People", and our territory. The Federal Security Protective Service protects the CIA director, the director of national intelligence, and their deputies. In support of their mission, FPS contracts with private security firms to provide a further 13,000-armed protective security officers (PSO) providing access control and security response within federal buildings. These PSOs are not federal law enforcement officers but private security employees trained by FPS.
All the above FEDERAL protection services total 139,641 people.
"We the People" depend upon our other protective services including State Defense Forces, State Police, county, and local police forces.
Over 1 million people work as public safety officers in the United States. There are 906,037 full-time law enforcement employees and 94,275 part-time employees. State and local police employment decreased from a high of 1,019,246 officers in 2008 to 1,000,312 officers in 2019.
Of course, there are over 1.4 million active military.
Presidential Election Courts
In these modern times, more legal cases are being filed regarding Presidential Elections. Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98 (2000), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court on December 12, 2000, that settled a recount dispute in Florida's 2000 presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. The process of getting there was slow.
Is it time for the candidates for President upon entering a political race to act like 'ladies and Gentlemen'? They ought to agree to ARBITRATION OF THEIR DISPUTES by an arbitration panel approved by the American Arbitration Association.
The Federal/States Election Commissions ought to offer such to the candidates when they file their registration and declaration papers.
Arbitration, in the context of the law of the United States, is a form of alternative dispute resolution. Specifically, arbitration is an alternative to litigation through which the parties to a dispute agree to submit their respective evidence and legal arguments to a neutral third party (the arbitrator(s) or arbiter(s)) for resolution.
Judicial arbitration is an advisory dispute resolution technique, serving as the first step toward non-binding resolution that allows for trial de novo. Certain States allow arbitration in matters relating to families and children.
The American Arbitration Association has high-level, diverse retired judges on the AAA Judicial Panel that bring another level of caliber to the arbitrator or mediator role. The panel is comprised of 346 former federal and state judges, including trial and appellate jurists, from forty-seven states plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
Women Aspired
Thirty-six States approved the 19th amendment that gave women the right to vote. 38 States ratified the 21st amendment to let us drink wine, beer, and spirits again. 38 States can let us directly vote for our President if the proposed 28th amendment is ratified.
On May 21, 1919, the US House of Representatives passed language for a constitutional amendment affirming the right to vote in the US could not be denied because of one's gender. Adding the amendment to the US Constitution required passage by two-thirds of each chamber of Congress, then ratification by three-fourths of the states, which in 1919 was 36 of the 48 states. (Alaska and Hawai'i were still US territories.)
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/womenshistory/womens-suffrage-timeline.htm
On August 18, 1920, Tennessee was the 36 State to Ratify. It was approved in just 15 months.
Pick a campaign background theme song for ratifying the 28th Amendment. Consider “Let Freedom Ring”. During the women’s suffrage campaign, women of Pennsylvania rang a replica of the “Liberty Bell in every county in Pennsylvania. The theme song evokes challenge, achievement, and heroism. Vangelis' Chariots of Fire, Rocky, Superman, wonder woman, Star Wars a New Hope, The Hunger Games Rue's Farewell, The Chronicles of Narnia the Battle; and The Theory of Everything scene ending music were all considered.
I picked for a rally campaign song the classic; Battle Hymn of the Republic; and Yankee Doodle (Fife and Drum) with lyrics changed to suit the28th amendment campaign.
Big and Small, North, and South
In the US Constitutional Convention of 1787, the so called "Great Compromise" proposed a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation of the states in the upper house. https://www.britannica.com/event/Constitutional-Convention
For the US Congress that was the big population versus small population argument.
The Convention did have a debate about choosing the Executive by geographic-North, Central and South.
The Convention would not consider monarch, however selected.
In England the Privy Council is a formal body of advisers to the King or Queen of the United Kingdom. Its members, known as privy (executive) counsellors, are mainly senior politicians who are current or former members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)
Executive councils existed in all colonies. They comprised the upper house of the legislature. The council was an executive and administrative body (some were elected) for the governor; and approved and implemented executive acts. Councils varied in size, ranging from ten to thirty. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/colonial-councils
But It was argued that a smaller geographic executive council could be chosen by the US Congress "Whereas, had a Constitutional Council been formed (as was proposed) of six Members, viz. two from the eastern, two from the middle, and two from the southern States; to be appointed by vote of the States in the House of Representatives, with the same duration and rotation of office as the Senate, the Executive would always have had safe and proper information and advice." https://csac.history.wisc.edu/wpcontent/uploads/sites/281/2017/07/George_Mason.pdf
The US Constitutional Convention of 1787 quickly rejected such geographical ideas. The President would be chosen by electors disproportional to population by equal electors for each state in the electoral college.
Presidential Executive Appointments
In 2017 there were 1,869,986 employees in the Federal Executive Branch of the United States of America. Non-Seasonal Full-Time Permanent (NSFTP) Employees are 89.57% of the Executive workforce.
The President and the Cabinet can appoint less than five thousand employees or less than one percent.
According to the United States Office of Government Ethics, a political appointee is "any employee who is appointed by the President, the Vice President, or agency head".[1] As of 2016, there were around 4,000 political appointment positions which an incoming administration needs to review, and fill or confirm, of which about 1,200 require Senate confirmation.[2][3] The White House Presidential Personnel Office (PPO) is one of the offices most responsible for political appointees and for assessing candidates to work at or for the White House.[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_in_the_United_States
Senior Executive Service (SES) is the classification for non-competitive, senior leadership (8222) .positions filled by career employees or political appointments. Up to 10% of SES positions (822) can be filled as political appointments rather than by career employees.[3] About half (4111) of the SES is designated "Career Reserved", which can only be filled by career employees. The other half is designated "General", which can be filled by either career employees or political appointments as desired by the administration. Due to the 10% limitation, most General positions are still filled by career appointees.[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)
More than fifty-two percent (52%) 974961 employees work for the Department of Defense and (236761) the US Veterans Service
Presidential Treaties Indian Affairs
Sovereignty of North American Tribes was stolen before California was stolen from Mexico. https://history.army.mil/brochures/Occupation/Occupation.htm
The first native community to sign a treaty with the new United States Government was the Leni-Lenape Nation.
Haudenosaunee _ https://www.britannica.com/list/the-6-nations-of-the-iroquois-confederacy
The Iroquois (Haudenosaunee; “People of the Longhouse”) Confederacy of upper New York state and southeastern Canada is often characterized as one of the world’s oldest participatory democracies. The resulting confederacy, whose governing Great Council of 50 peace chiefs, or sachems (hodiyahnehsonh), still meets in a longhouse, is made up of six nations: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora.
In 1779, the Sullivan Expedition was carried out during the American Revolutionary War against the British and the four allied nations of the Iroquois. George Washington gave orders that made it clear he wanted the Iroquois threat eliminated:
The Expedition you are appointed to command is to be directed against the hostile tribes of the Six Nations of Indians, with their associates and adherents. The immediate objects are the destruction and devastation of their settlements, and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops now in the ground and prevent their planting more.[112]
The British made peace with the Americans in the Treaty of Paris (1783), through which they ceded vast Native American territories to the United States without informing or consulting with the Native Americans. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES of the US.
The national government initially sought to purchase Native American land by treaties. Settlers continually violated these treaties.[113]
United States policy toward Native Americans continued to change after the American Revolution. George Washington and Henry Knox believed that Native Americans were equals but that their society was inferior. Washington formulated a policy to encourage the "civilizing" process.[25]
Washington had a six-point plan for this, which included: Impartial justice toward Native Americans, regulated buying of Native American lands, Promotion of commerce, Promotion of experiments to civilize or improve Native American society, Presidential authority to give presents, and punishing those who violated Native American rights.[27]
During the 19th century,
and often only after heated resistance,
the governments of the United States and Canada
by adverse force
disenfranchised most Northern American tribes of their land and sovereignty.
In 1846-48 the United States of America was more violent and aggressive than present day Russia. The US captured Mexico, decided it only wanted California, and gave part of Mexico back to them.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Indian/Prehistoric-agricultural-peoples
Presidential Treaties Foreign Affairs (Indians, Friends, and Neighbors)
1783 – The Treaty of Paris Franklin, Adams, and Jay signed the treaty at the ‘Hotel d’York’ in Paris on September 3, 1783. The British ceded the Northwest Territory 892,135 Square miles to the United States. Then French territory of Louisiana and the Mississippi River became the US western border, the English territory of Canada became the northern border, and the Spanish territory of Florida became the southern bounder.
https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/treaty-of-paris#peace-negotiations
1787 – the new United States Constitution under the treaty clause provides treaties come into effect upon final ratification by the President of the United States, provided that a two–thirds majority of the United States Senate concurs.[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_treaties
1794 – Treaty of Canandaigua Indian Nations Article 2, which ensured the land rights of the Oneida, Onondaga, and Cayuga nations in NY,PA, & OH would be protected by the U.S. government against state interference,[24] BUT By 1920, the Oneida Nation retained only 32 acres (13 ha) of treaty land[26] down from the six million acres (2,400,000 ha) (9375 square miles) held before the American Revolution.[27]
1803 – The country's first and largest acquisition was the French territory Louisiana being 827,987 square miles. The United States paid $15 million; it nearly doubled the landmass of the original thirteen states and Northwest Territory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase#/media/File:Aquired_Lands_of_the_US.svg
1819 – Adams–Onís Treaty – purchase of Florida 72,101 square miles from the Spanish Empire. The parties signed the Adams–Onís Treaty in 1819, and the transfer officially took place on July 17, 1821, over three hundred years after Spain had first claimed the Florida peninsula.
1842 – Webster–Ashburton Treaty – ended the Aroostook Maine War and settles boundary disputes between the U.S. and British Canada
1844 – Tyler-Texas Treaty - Between the US and the Republic of Texas. Signed on April 12,
1844 – treaty to induct Texas into the Union as a territory.
1845 – Texas Annexation of independent republic.
1846 – Oregon Treaty with Great Britain added 288,541 square miles to US territory,
1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – After the US War against Mexico,
it ceded the California Territory to the US 529,000 square miles which included Texas 389,166 Square miles.
1867 – Alaska Purchase – U.S. buys Alaska from Russia -the United States had grown by 586,412 square miles.
Presidential VETO by Senators and House Members
The Seventeenth Amendment to the US Constitution providing for direct election of Senators was approved by 41 States. Yes "We the People" amended our Constitution one hundred and twelve years ago and our country did not collapse. On May 15, 1912, Congress passed a constitutional amendment that provided for direct election of senators by the people of each state. By April 8, 1913, the states ratified the Seventeenth Amendment in less than a year.
Only one Delegate to the US Constitutional Convention of 1787 in the 18th century, James Wilson, favored direct election of Senators. The "Spirits of the Fifty-five" passed on their courage and wisdom to "We the People" in the 20th century to make it right for us in the 21st century.
On June 4, 1787, the Committee of the Whole US Constitutional Convention of 178 composed of all delegates acting as a committee rather than as delegates representing the states) approved the grant of veto power to the president, as well as empowering the legislature to override the executive “negative” with a two-thirds vote of both bodies. https://thenewamerican.com/us/culture/history/convention-of-1787-debates-scope-of-presidential-veto-power/
"Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law." https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-1/section-7/clause-2/the-veto-power
Realistically, it is difficult to overturn a presidential veto because there is seldom a two-thirds majority of a political party in both congressional houses. Though occasionally members of the minority party will vote with the majority party, this still may not amount to enough votes to represent a two-thirds majority. On the other hand, when the president is acting against the interest of most members of Congress, regardless of party, bipartisanship to overturn a veto can occur to severely limit presidential powers. https://www.unitedstatesnow.org/how-does-congress-override-a-presidential-veto.htm
DICTATOR, IT IS MY WAY OR NO WAY! ! ! !
Statistics underscore the effectiveness of the President's veto. Of the 1,380 regular (return) vetoes from George Washington through Jimmy Carter, Congress overrode only (7%) ninety-four. https://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/veto-power
Presidential Cabinet Advisors and Secretaries.
In the first year of George Washington’s presidency, there were only three executive departments: the Departments of State, Treasury, and War. Washington selected secretaries for each of these positions. His choices were Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, and Secretary of War Henry Knox. Washington appointed and included Attorney General Edmund Randolph to serve in his first cabinet. https://www.thoughtco.com/george-washingtons-first-cabinet-4046142
TREASURY
Following the advice of Alexander Hamilton, President George Washington and the First Congress created the US Customs Service just four months after ratifying the United States Constitution, on July 31, 1789. The US Customs Service provided revenue to the new nation through the collection of duties and tariffs on imported goods. For the next 122 years, the revenue collected by Customs represented most funds used to support the federal government. Customs Service revenue enabled the US to build Washington DC, construct the Transcontinental Railroad, erect many of the nation’s historic lighthouses, and develop other critical infrastructure still in use today. https://customsmuseum.org/history/
Tariffs and duties collected by the US Customs Service enabled America to complete the Louisiana Purchase, Alaska Purchase, and numerous other diplomatic arrangements in the 19th century. All told, revenue collected by the US Customs Service enabled the United States to purchase almost 1.5 million square miles of territory — defining the national borders we recognize today. Today each year, Customs Officers collect more than $32 billion in duties, tariffs, and fines —
WAR
The War Department Knox took over had two civilian employees and a single small regiment.[88][89]
He also drafted plans for the establishment of a peacetime army, many of whose provisions were eventually implemented. These plans included two military academies (one naval and one army, the latter occupying the critical base at West Point),
and bodies of troops to maintain the nation's borders.[79]
Congress in 1785 authorized the establishment of a 700-man army. Knox was only able to recruit six of the authorized ten companies, which were stationed on the western frontier.[90 Knox first proposed an army mainly composed of state militia, specifically seeking to change attitudes in Congress about a democratically managed military.[91] Although the plan was initially rejected, many of its details were eventually adopted in the formation and administration of the United States Army.[92]
STATE
Jefferson's goals were to decrease American dependence on British commerce and to expand commercial trade with France. He sought to weaken Spanish colonialism of the trans-Appalachian West and British control in the North, believing this would aid in the pacification of Native Americans.[127]
Hamilton also had bold plans to establish the national credit and a national bank, but Jefferson strenuously opposed this and attempted to undermine his agenda, which nearly led Washington to dismiss him from cabinet.
In May 1792, Jefferson became alarmed at the political rivalries taking shape; he wrote to Washington, imploring him to run for reelection that year as a unifying influence. [13
ATTORNEY GENERAL
In September 1789, Washington appointed Edmund Randolph as the first Attorney General of the US. Randolph maintained a precarious neutrality in the feuds between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson (who was a second cousin to Randolph). When Jefferson resigned as Secretary of State, he became the Secretary of State.
And We should place in our Constitution for “We the People” controls, protections, and "check and balances" upon parties.
PARTIES EMERGED
In less than three years after President George Washington took office on April 30, 1789 "The Fouth Estate" championed the political positions of the Secretary of Treasury versus the Secretary of State. Jefferson and political protegé Congressman James Madison founded the National Gazette on October 31, 1791, along with author Phillip Freneau, to counter Hamilton's Federalist policies, which Hamilton was promoting through the influential Federalist newspaper the Gazette of the United States. The National Gazette made criticism of the policies promoted by Hamilton, often through anonymous essays of Madison signed by the pen name Brutus at Jefferson's urging.[128]
Petitions to the US President
The First Amendment says, the Government may not prohibit the right of the people to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
According to the Congressional Research Service, since the Constitution was written,[3] WIKI
" The right of petition has expanded. It is no longer confined to demands for “a redress of grievances,” in any accurate meaning of these words, but comprehends demands for an exercise by the government of its powers in furtherance of the interest and prosperity of the petitioners and of their views on politically contentious matters. The right extends to the "approach of citizens or groups of them to administrative agencies (which are both creatures of the legislature, and arms of the executive) and to courts, the third branch of Government. Certainly, the right to petition extends to all departments of the Government. The right of access to the courts is indeed but one aspect of the right of petition."
The first[12] significant exercise and defense of the right to petition within the U.S. was to advocate the end of slavery by sending Congress well over a thousand petitions on the topic, signed by some 130,000 citizens.[13] Starting in 1836, the House of Representatives adopted a series of gag rules that automatically tabled indefinitely all such anti-slavery petitions, and prohibited their discussion.[13] The Senate took similar action. Former president John Quincy Adams and other Representatives eventually achieved repeal of these rules in 1844 on the basis that it was contrary to the Constitutional right (in the First Amendment) to "petition the government for the redress of grievances".[13] The President has an online tool allowing citizens to petition the government through the White House website.
Some litigants have contended that the right to petition the government includes a requirement that the government listen to or respond to members of the public. This view was rejected by the United States Supreme Court in 1984:
Nothing in the First Amendment or in this Court's case law interpreting it suggests that the rights to speak, associate, and petition require government policymakers to listen or respond to communications of members of the public.[18]
The Office of President of the United States under Obama, Trump and Biden received PETITIONS, but they treated petitions like moots of dust in their self-aggrandizing oratory.
In the United States, there is no unified federal ombudsman service. The role of handling complaints against federal authorities has to some extent been unofficially incorporated into the role of the US Member of Congress. An ombudsman is a person who investigates, reports on, and helps settle complaints about unfair acts of public officials or abuses of power. That could pertain to the Legislature, Executive or Courts. An ombudsman is an official appointed to investigate individuals' complaints against maladministration, especially that of public authorities.
There are Offices of the Ombudsman in numerous FEDERAL, State, and local governments and their agencies. Some are Internal Revenue Service, Departments of Homeland Security, Education, EPA, FDA, and US Navy.
PETITION YOUR GOVERNMENT! !
Presidential Commissions and Congressional Commissions
United States presidents have historically created advisory groups—also called committees, commissions, boards, blue ribbon panels, or task forces—to advise them on problems or issues.
A presidential task force or White House task force is a board of advisors appointed by the President of the United States whose main purpose is to enact policies in relation to responding to either national emergencies, crises, or general policy initiatives. Presidential task force members are part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States who do not require United States Senate confirmation and the President in his discretion can dismiss task force members. The Constitution of the United States under Article Two, Section Two, Clause One, allows the President to “require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices. "[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_task_force
The President Roosevelt's Committee on Administrative Management, commonly known as the Brownlow Committee or Brownlow Commission, was a presidentially commissioned panel of political science and public administration experts that in 1937 recommended sweeping changes to the executive branch of the United States government. The committee had three members: Louis Brownlow, Charles Merriam, and Luther Gulick. The committee’s recommendations formed the basis of the Reorganization Act of 1939 and the creation of the Executive Office of the President. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownlow_Committee
Truman’s Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government was a body appointed by President Harry S. Truman in 1947 to recommend administrative changes in the Federal Government of the United States. Truman appointed former President Herbert Hoover to chair it hence it was nick named Hoover Commission. Truman used the Reorganization Act of 1949 to implement the recommendations of the Hoover Commission. Reorganization plans issued under the act could be nullified by a concurrent resolution enacted by both chambers of Congress within 60 days of the date of the order. While most of the commission's program was implemented, eleven of the forty-one reorganization plans issued by Truman to carry out the reorganization were nullified by Congress. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Commission
Please note that U.S. federal commissions which serve as ongoing executive agencies would belong in another category, such as: Category: Agencies of the United States government, or Category: United States federal boards, commissions, and committees, or Category: Independent agencies of the United States government.
AND Congressional advisory commissions are formal groups established to provide independent advice; make recommendations for changes in public policy; study or investigate a particular problem, issue, or event; or perform a duty. While no legal definition exists for what constitutes “congressional commission,” in this report a congressional commission is defined as a multi-member independent entity that (1) is established by Congress, (2) exists temporarily, (3) serves in an advisory capacity, (4) is appointed in part or whole by Members of Congress, and (5) reports to Congress. These five characteristics differentiate a congressional commission from a presidential commission, an executive branch commission, or other bodies with “commission” in their names.”
The President and US Congress do things; Commissions are the antithesis, they do nothing, or advise. Mostly Commissions allow the President or the US Congress to avoid doing anything regarding a problem or issue. No commission should be established regarding the adoption of a proposed 28th amendment.
IT IS DEMOCRATIC TO LET THE PEOPLE DECIDE.
The President and US Congress should enact the law to allow “We the People” to vote whether or not, to say yes or no, “to have parties’ Presidential Primaries and direct election of the President.”
.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_commission_(United_States)
President Washington's Inauguration Fiftieth Anniversary
The president and vice president are the only elected federal officials chosen by the Electoral College instead of by direct popular vote.
The 1790 United States census was the first United States census. It recorded the population of the whole United States as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article 1, Section 2, of the Constitution and applicable laws.
In the first census, the population of the United States was 3,929,214 inhabitants.[1][2] The US House had sixty-seven members each representing a population of 58,645 persons.
The 1800 United States census was the second census conducted in the United States. It showed that 5,308,483 people were living in the United States. The US House had 106 members each representing a population of 50,080 persons.
In the 2020 U S Census the US population was 331,449,281 persons. The U S House had 435 members each representing 761,952 persons.
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates of twelve of the Thirteen Colonies held from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia
Writing on September 6, 1787, to his friend Jefferson, then minister to France, Madison worried that the "plan should it be adopted, will neither effectually answer its national object nor prevent the local mischiefs which everywhere excite disgusts against the state governments." https://www.loc.gov/collections/james-madison-papers/articles-and-essays/james-madison-and-the-federal-constitutional-convention-of-1787/.
Speech by John Quincy Adams
I plagiarize, "We the People" (John Quincy Adams) formed a union of people September 5, 1774 who made an official Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 and that in 1787 " the Constitution was the work of the one people of the United States.
Then I quote,
"Now the people of the colonies, speaking by their delegates in Congress, had not declared each colony a sovereign, free, and independent state; nor had the people of each colony so declared the colony itself, not could they so declare it, because each was already bound in the union with all of the rest--a union formed de facto by the spontaneous revolutionary movement of the whole people, and organized by the meeting of the first Congress, in 1774, a year and ten months before the Declaration of Independence.
In the Declaration of Independence, the enacting and constituent party dispensing and delegating sovereign power is the whole people of the united colonies. The recipient party, invested with power, is the united colonies, declared United States.
That the Constitution of the United States was a return to the principles of the Declaration of Independence, and the exclusive constituent power of the people; that it was the work of the one people of the United States; and that those United States, though doubled in numbers, still constitute as a nation but one people." From a speech by John Quincy Adams; The Declaration and the Constitution, source: The Jubilee of the Constitution, A Discourse, New York, 1839, pp. 13-18 to the New York Historical Society via Britannica.
Congress set January 7, 1789, as the date by which States were required to choose electors for the country's first-ever presidential election.
By adopting the 28th amendment to the US Constitution "We the People" can set the first-ever presidential election that uses direct popular vote "We the People" choose our President.
Today political parties usually nominate their slate of electors at their state conventions or by a vote of the party’s central state committee, which picks party loyalists for the job.
We should place in our Constitution for “We the People” controls, protections, and "check and balances" upon parties.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-u-s-presidential-election
The President, the Civil Service and Meritocracy
Meritocracy is a political, social, or economic system in which individuals are assigned to positions of power, influence, or reward solely on the basis of their abilities and achievements and not on the basis of their social, cultural, or economic background or irrelevant personal characteristics. https://www.britannica.com/money/meritocracy
To this day, the origin of the term meritocracy is widely attributed to the British sociologist Michael Young, who used it pejoratively in his book The Rise of the Meritocracy. For Young, merit is defined as intelligence plus effort.
The Federal Government's merit system principles are that they are designed to ensure fair and open recruitment and competition and employment practices free of political influence or other non-merit factors. https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/performance-management/reference-materials/more-topics/merit-system-principles-and-performance-management/
Neither the President nor the political parties cause all the messes we experience in our governments. Perhaps some are caused by “We the GREEDY People”
Government gives powers to committees of experts, and technical civil servants because modern activities have need of skill, merit, and achievement. It is not about you or your group being stronger " (Labor Union vs Employer's police); who you know or the amount of money you have. They have formed special interest groups relating to their skills, merits, and achievements. For example, the government employs civil engineers. They form ASCE - American Society of Civil Engineers. Meritocrats are in industry as well as our government. The meritocrats use their power of intelligence plus effort to convert themselves into a governing class. According to the CIA World Factbook, the United States is one of three nations (along with Liberia and Myanmar (Burma)) that have not adopted the metric system as their official system of weights and measures. The metric system is a system of measurement that is a decimal system. The current international standard for the metric system is the International System of Units (SI), that are the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. The biggest reasons the U.S. has not adopted the metric system are simply time and money. Whenever the discussion of switching unit systems arose in Congress, the passage of a bill favoring the metric system was thwarted by big businesses and American citizens who didn’t want to go through the SHORT TERM time-consuming and expensive hassle of changing the country’s entire infrastructure rather than getting a more efficient and effective system in the LONG TERM.
A few U.S. industries along with science agencies made the switch, but inconsistencies have led to mishaps. In 1999, the Mars Climate Orbiter burned up in the Red Planet’s atmosphere because of a unit mix-up between NASA and Lockheed Martin (SN: 10/9/99, p. 229). Today, only the United States, Liberia, Myanmar and a handful of island nations use versions of the imperial system.
Of course, we are right, the rest of the world is wrong.
Of course, the MERITOCRATS are not to blame. Meritocracy is a myth. Are parties responsible, or "We the People"?
Cornell University economist Robert H. Frank rejects meritocracy in his book Success and Luck: Good Fortune and the Myth of Meritocracy.[15] He describes how chance plays a significant role in deciding who gets what that is not objectively based on merit. He does not discount the importance of hard work, but, using psychological studies, mathematical formulae, and examples, demonstrates that among groups of people performing at a high level, chance (luck) plays an enormous role in an individual's success.
I often remark to my bowling team mates and opponents. “We have to be both good and lucky” I make the most of my luck through hard work and practice.
Presidents Tells Scary Stories
RED SCARE (communist) DUCK and COVER (atomic bomb) WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION ghosts or fears of things that do not exist. These are buzz words. More than a third of voters are too young to have experienced them.
The Red Scare was hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, which intensified in the late 1940s and early 1950s. (Communists are called “Reds” for their allegiance to the red Soviet flag.) The Red Scare led to a range of actions that had a profound and enduring effect on U.S. government and society. https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare
But I remember my President saying I should be afraid of the REDS.
How ‘Duck-and-Cover’ Drills Channeled America’s Cold War Anxiety. On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union detonated its first nuclear device at a remote site in Kazakhstan, signaling a new and terrifying phase in the Cold War. By the early 1950s, schools across the United States were training students to dive under their desks and cover their heads. The now-infamous duck-and-cover drills simulated what should be done in case of an atomic attack—and channeled a growing panic over an escalating arms race. https://www.history.com/news/duck-cover-drills-cold-war-arms-race
And I remember my President said the REDS might bomb me!
In the presence of extraordinary anxiety, conversion disorder is a condition where a mental health issue disrupts how the brain works. Anxiety often is transmitted beginning with older or higher-status people to the anxious.
DURING THAT STATE WHEN THE BRAINS IS COUGHT BETWEEN FLIGHT OF FIGHT (in isolated environment, particularly one that pushes strict belief and punishes any deviation) the "GIVER" REPEATS EXCITATIONS RECALLING THE CONDITIONS THAT CAUSE ANXIETY. THE GIVER PROMISES RELIEF BUT CONTINUES TO REPEAT EXICITATIONS OF THOSE CONDITIONS TO CONTINUE THE ANXIETY. THE GIVER REPEATS PUSH SUGGESTIONS CAUSING A BELIEF THAT THE ONLY RELIEF IS THROUGH THE GIVER AND GOD. THE GIVER ASSURES RELIEF WILL COME SO LONG AS THE GIVER IS FOLLOWED AND ALL OTHER IDEAS NOT GIVEN BY THE GIVER ARE REJECTED.
During the state when the brain is disrupted, charismatic personalities, authority figures, and even ghosts by the ABOVE METHOD easily become leaders, SOMETIMES CULT LEADERS.
Symptoms of conversion disorder are the following with percent reporting in parentheticals: Headache (67), Dizziness or light-headedness (46), Nausea (41), Abdominal cramps or pain (39), Cough (31), Fatigue, drowsiness or weakness (31), Sore or burning throat (30), Hyperventilation or difficulty breathing (19), Watery or irritated eyes (13), Chest tightness/chest pain (12), Inability to concentrate/trouble thinking (11), Vomiting (10), Tingling, numbness or paralysis (10), Anxiety or nervousness (8), Diarrhea (7), Trouble with vision (7), Rash (4) Loss of consciousness/syncope (4) and Itching (3).
A foul or unfamiliar odor that is perceived to be harmful may precede symptoms that are spread via sight, sound, or oral communication.
Identifying and taking steps to resolve the underlying source of stress will help relieve any physical symptoms experienced.
In extreme states of anxiety symptoms may include trance-like states, and altered speech patterns, speaking in tongues, a nonsense language neither understood by the speaker or listeners.
Teaching is a proven ACCEPTABLE behavior modification tech