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Authors have published pros and cons regarding the Electoral College. For example, there is a book by Jesse Wegman - "Let the People Pick the President: The Case for Abolishing the Electoral College"; and the publication by Tara Ross-"Why We Need the Electoral College" Further there a host of books describing specific events that have happened during processes of the Electoral College like that by Charles L. Zeldan-"Bush v. Gore Exposing the Growing Crisis in American Democracy."
Government Sources about the Electoral College.
The best sources are the archives of the US Government. At https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs.
It has links to the Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, and the Bill of Rights. It also is a gateway to research on proposed amendments to the US Constitution. The United States, National Archives and Records Administration, Office of the Federal Register, posts information, resources, and internet universal resource locators (URL) for State Officials on their web site at Electoral College. https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/state-officials/so-instructions.
For example, The Congressional Research Service say, https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record.
" More than 700 proposals to reform or abolish the electoral college have been introduced in Congress since 1800. According to the Senate Historian, approximately 11,770 amendments were introduced between 1789 and 2019; and 27 have been ratified." https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/if/if11802
“On April 2, 2021, The United States Congressional Research Service wrote, “Electoral College Reform: Pro and Con-The performance of the electoral college has not protected the system from criticism and demands for change. More than 700 proposals to reform or abolish it have been introduced in Congress since 1800." "Reform Options-Reform options include proposals to retain the basic electoral college system; these would eliminate the office of presidential elector but retain electoral votes. Beyond this common feature, three principal options for reform have been proposed over time: (1) the automatic plan, which would mandate the general ticket Winner Take All system in all states and the District of Columbia; (2) the district system, currently adopted in Maine and Nebraska, which would allocate electoral votes by congressional district and at- large in each state; and (3) the proportional system, which would award electoral votes in direct proportion to the percentage of votes gained by the competing candidates in each state." See CRS Report R44928,
The Electoral College: Reform Proposals in the 114th and 115th Congress, and https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43824,
and https://congressionalresearch.com/RL30804/document.php
; and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Popular_Vote_Interstate_Compact#Works_cited
Those who favor keeping the electoral college will direct you to sources like the Minority Report of August 14, 1970, by Hiram L. Fong, James Eastland, John L. McClellan, Roman Hruska, Sam Ervin & Strom Thurmond. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/minority-view-on-the-direct-popular-election-of-the-president
The following is a lengthy clip from them.
“The electoral college may have its faults, but its true sins of commission and omission are not always apparent in the various and passionate bills of indictment which have traditionally been raised against it. For nearly a century-and-a-half the electoral college has been condemned as the “tool” of every imaginable interest. Conservatives have attacked it for producing liberal Presidents; liberals have attacked it for producing conservative Presidents. Republicans have said that it favors Democrats; Democrats have said that it favors Republicans. Northerners have accused it of aiding the South; Southerners have accused it of aiding the North. Easterners have deplored an alleged advantage that it gives to the West; Westerners have deplored and alleged advantage it gives to the East. City dwellers have lamented that it exaggerates the influence of rural folk; rural inhabitants have lamented that it exaggerates the influence of city dwellers. Citizens of small States have argued that it is controlled by large States; citizens of large States have argued that it gives undue weight to the small States.”
“Direct election would necessitate Federal control of elections.
There is no question that rigid uniformity must be an integral part of the direct election proposal if the one-man, one-vote rule is to be truly implemented. If the President is to be popularly elected in a nationwide election, State boundaries are jurisdictions will become inconveniences. All States would, of necessity, must conform their election laws to a single Federal standard.”
That statement is fifty percent (50%) correct.
NO, all States would not have to change their election laws for State Officers.
YES, all States would have to follow the laws relating to Federal Officers.
LOCAL AND NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES should be included in the US Constitution.
There were fifty-five Delegates to the U S Constitutional Convention of 1787
Those founding fathers suggest ways to make the electoral college better.
The “Spirits of those Fifty-five” remind us by quotes from Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Franklin, Hamilton, Madison, and others.
It is my opinion that LOCAL AND NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES should be included in the US Constitution. It is the way to make them responsible.
I say, ‘change our US Constitution, so it provides a better way to elect the President by using State Nominating Primaries and Nationwide Popular Direct Election of the President.
Isms
The dictionary defines -ism as a suffix one, forming nouns denoting an action or its result: liberalism, two, forming nouns denoting a system, principle, or ideological movement: conservatism.
The Symposium participants will reflect We the People; American, liberal, conservative, progressive, ...... For example, liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.
Common Cause knows the ultimate power in a democracy is the people. It says, “To be truly of, by, and for the people, the government must reflect everyone it serves. We are all better off when people from all walks of life participate in self-governance. Every American wants and deserves a voice in shaping the future for our families and communities. We believe democracy is how a free society resolves its differences. To do that well, we must all agree the process is fair, produces fair outcomes, and reflects our communities, our values, and our priorities. Nobody wins all the time, but if the process is fair, at least we can trust it.” https://www.commoncause.org/about-us/
George Washington was head of the nonpartisan party.
Thomas Jefferson was the head of the opposition partisan party.
And since then, there has been a two-party system of Democrats and Republicans.
Other significant parties included: the Progressive Party, Tea Party, Populist Party, Green Party, Alliance Party, Libertarian Party, Independent party, Reform Party, US Taxpayer Party, and the Constitution Party. And, of course, There are hundreds of State Parties too many to list here.
At the age of twelve, I remember debating with school mates. I said the wars were over, and the country needed a well-educated man like Adelai E Stevenson rather than a well-educated soldier like Dwight D. Eisenhower. In the American presidential election held on November 4, 1952, Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower easily defeated Democrat Adlai E. Stevenson. After I LIKED IKE! I saw IKE, President Eisenhower when he visited the Island of Okinawa, Japan where I was a soldier in 1959.
Between liberalism to conservatism, “My Isms” have changed often in the past 60 years.
Realism Versus Idealism
Idealism is the practice of forming or pursuing ideals, especially unrealistically: "the idealism of youth".
Realism is the concern for fact and rejection of the impractical and visionary.
In my early childhood I read the newspapers that I delivered. I read about the United Nations Peace Keeping Forces in Palestine and initiatives for the State of Israel. I remember reports about the Korean "conflict'. It was not a war it was a UN peacekeeping police action. The Korean "conflict" never ended, the US Still has military there. I remember the newspapers, radio, movie news, and even television about the UN going to Korea. Then I did not understand why the US stopped General McArthur at the Yalu River which separated North Korea from China and Russia.
It is amazing that the UN obtained a fifty percent solution. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_and_the_United_Nations
Republic of Korea (South Korea)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)
Years later as a private in the Army on the Island of Okinawa, Japan, I saw President Dwight D Eisenhower. So, then I read more about Korea, China, Japan, and Russia. Previously Japan, China and Russia claimed the territory of Korea. I was just 19 years old and very idealistic. Because of the UN I had visions that world peace was truly possible in my lifetime. But after 65 years of conflicts-realism colors my visions.
What has all the above to do with the Election of the President of the United States?
Two hundred thirty-seven years ago the Founding Fathers were passionately idealistic; and they did not include provisions relating to Parties.
If assembled today realistically the “Spirits of the Fifty-five” would add to our US Constitution, PARTIES with protections, controls, 'checks and balances'.
Let us do that for them.
Who wrote the US Constitution?
America's Founding Documents
See http://www.archives.gov/national_archives_experience/charters/
charters.html
The Fifty-five Founding Fathers
https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/active_learning/explorations/constitution/constitution_overview_delegates.cfm
The following is a PBS film that “We the People” all should see from time to time.
VPM Documentaries | Questioning the Constitution | Season 2020 | PBS
This look at the the Constitution questions whether it should be reformed.
See below President Before Washington and “Spirits of the Fifty-five”
Presidents Before Washington
In September 1774, the first President of the United States was Peyton Randolph of Virginia.
In first United States Continental Congress the leader was known unofficially as the president of the Continental Congress.
“The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America”
is the 1776 founding document of the United States.
In the fourteen years between September 1774 and November 1788 before the 1789 U S Constitution fourteen men served as president.
They came from nine of the original 13 states:
Connecticut, (I), Samuel Huntington
Delaware (1), Thomas Mckean
Maryland (1), John Hanson
Massachusetts (2), John Hancock, Nathaniel Gorham
New Jersey (I), Elias Boudinot
New York (2). John Jay, Alexander Hamilton
Pennsylvania (2), Arthur St Clair, *Charles Thomson*
South Carolina (2), Henry Laurens, Henry Middleton
Virginia (3), Peyton Randolph, Richard Henry Lee, Cyrus Griffin.
We should not forget any of our Founding Fathers.
One of greatest of the American Founding Fathers was*Charles Thomson* who in addition to being president for a year was the Secretary of the United States of America for fourteen years.
“Spirits of the Fifty-five”
Delegates to the U S Constitutional Convention of 1787.
Abraham Baldwin, Georgia
Richard Basset, Delaware
Gunning Bedford, Delaware
John Blair, Virginia
William Blount, North Carolina
David Brearly, New Jersey
Jacob Broom, Delaware
Pierce Butler, South Carolina
Daniel Carrol, Maryland
George Clymer, Pennsylvania
William R. Davie, North Carolina
Jonathan Dayton, New Jersey
John Dickinson, Delaware
Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut
William Few, Georgia
Thomas Fitzsimons, Pennsylvania
Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania
Elbridge Gerry, Massachusetts
Nicholas Gilman, New Hampshire
Nathaniel Gorham, Massachusetts
Alexander Hamilton, New York
William C. Houston, New Jersey
William Houstoun, Georgia
Jared Ingersol, Pennsylvania
Daniel Jenifer, Maryland
William S. Johnson, Connecticut
Rufus King, Massachusetts
John Langdon, New Hampshire
John Lansing Jr., New York
William Livingston, New Jersey
James Madison, Virginia
Alexander Martin, North Carolina
Luther Martin, Maryland
Geroge Mason, Virginia
James McClurg, Virginia
James McHenry, Maryland
John F. Mercer, Maryland
Thomas Mifflin, Pennsylvania
Gouverneur Morris, Pennsylvania
Robert Morris, Pennsylvania
William Paterson, New Jersey
William L. Pierce, Georgia
Charles Pickney, South Carolina
Charles C. Pickney, South Carolina
Edmund J. Randolph, Virginia
George Read, Delaware
John Rutledge, South Carolina
Roger Sherman, Connecticut
Richard D. Spaight, North Carolina
Caleb Strong, Massachusetts
George Washington, Virginia
Hugh Williamson, North Carolina
James Wilson, Pennsylvania
George Wythe, Virginia
Robert Yates, New York
Founding Fathers Early Historical Inspirations
“The English Civil War was a series of battles fought between 1642 and 1651. On one side were supporters of the king (Charles l) and on the other were supporters of Parliament (led by Oliver Cromwell). The Civil War resulted in the execution of Charles followed by 11 years of a commonwealth, when England had no monarch.” https://www.historytoday.com/archive/first-union-flag
https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/why-was-king-charles-i-executed
Parliament was in control. Hence it was the Kingdom of England that gave rise to the embryo of American Democracy.
“The Continental Association, also known as the Articles of Association or simply the Association, was an agreement among the American colonies adopted by the First Continental Congress on October 20, 1774. It called for a trade boycott against British merchants by the colonies.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental-Association
“In the United States, four states: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Virginia, and Pennsylvania are commonwealth states. These states share a strong influence of the English common law, having been British Colonies either in part or entirely before 1776.” www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-states-are-commonwealths.html
STARS leading to the Colonial America Founding Fathers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau
There are hundreds of American Founding Fathers. Although the list varies depending on who is writing it, the following 10 men are always included: John Adams, Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Marshall, George Mason, and George Washington.
Further see previous Presidents Before Washington; and see following The Younger Founding Fathers, and the Names of the Early Founding Fathers.
NAMES OF THE EARLY FOUNDING FATHERS
Founding Fathers: Quotes, Facts & Documents | HISTORY
THE FOLLOWING ARE INTERNET LINKS TO THE NAMES OF THE EARLY FOUNDING FATHERS.
The Younger Founding Fathers are listed in order that they declared their independence as follows: Virginia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, and the Kentucky territory which was annexed by Virginia; and then it seceded and petitioned for its Statehood.
Virginia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyton_Randolph
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mason
See also https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-virginia
New Hampshire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Gilman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett
https://www.britannica.com/_biographv/John-Langdon
See also https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-new-hampshire
New Jersey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Kinsey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Crane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_Fisher
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brearley
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-new-jersey
Delaware
https://en.wikipedia.org/_wiki/Thomas_McKean
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_Rodney
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Read
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bassett_(Delaware_politician)
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-delaware
Pennsylvania
https://en.wikipedia.org/wikifihomas_Mifflin
https://www.biographv.com/political-figures/iohn-dickinson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Morris
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Thomson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wikilBeniamin_Franklin
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docslfounding-fathers-pennsylvania
Maryland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hanson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Chase
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiIIiam_Paca
https://en.wikipedia.0g/wiki/Thomas_Stone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll of Carrollton
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-maryland
North Carolina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harvie
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Caswell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Harnett
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hooper
https://northcarolinahistorv.org/encvcIopedia(edward-vaiI-1717-1777/
https://northcarolinahistory.orglencvclopedia/ioseph-hewes-1730-17791
Georgia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Few
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Sherman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Telfair
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Walton
New York
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jav
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alsop
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James-Duane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
South Carolina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Laurens
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki"ierce_Butler
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rutledge
Massachusetts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_King
Connecticut
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Hale
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Ellsworth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Allen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lsrael_Putnam
Rhode Island
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Ward
https://en.wikipedia.orglwiki/NathanaeI_Greene
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whipple-abraham
Vermont
During the American Revolution, Vermont declared independence separately from the original 13 colonies, and the Continental Congress refused to recognize it.
https://www.biography.tom/military-figures/ethan-allen
In 1770, Ethan Allen—along with his brothers Ira and Levi, as well as Seth Warner—recruited an informal militia, the Green Mountain Boys, to protect the interests of the original New Hampshire settlers.
https://www.britannica.com/biographv/Ethan-Allen-United-States-soldier
In the summer of 1776, the first general convention of freemen of the New Hampshire Grants met in Dorset, Vermont, resolving "to take suitable measures to declare the New Hampshire Grants a free and independent district. "[20] On January 15, 1777, representatives of the New Hampshire Grants convened in Westminster and declared their land an independent republic, the Vermont Republic. For the first six months of the republic's existence, the state was called New Connecticut. On June 2, a second convention of 72 delegates met at Westminster, known as the "Westminster Convention". At this meeting, the delegates adopted the name "Vermont" on the suggestion of Dr. Thomas Young of Philadelphia, a supporter of the delegates who wrote a letter advising them on how to achieve statehood. The delegates set the time for a meeting one month later. On July 4, the Constitution of Vermont was drafted.
Kentucky
In 1776 under Governor Patrick Henry, Virginia annexed the Kentucky district and made it part of their country. After the colonists won the Revolutionary War, Kentucky settlers began a separatist movement for independence from Virginia. On June 1, 1792, the Union admitted Kentucky as the 15th State.
https://truewestmagazine.com/article/the-forgotten-founding-father/
Without the stubborn leadership of Daniel Boone and, despite great personal loss, his settlement and years of fighting to defend Boonesborough, Kentucky would not have entered the Union as the 15th state—and the first west of the Appalachians—on June 1, 1792. – Courtesy Beinecke Library, Yale University –
https://www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/george-rogers-clark/


"Eye of Providence”
The Spirits of the Fifty-five Under the "Eye of Providence”
Built Our Democratic Representative Government.
This light contains my 2023 American Heritage Coin Collection.
At the top is the coin Seal of the United States of America. On the front is The Eye of Providence. On the back is the American Eagle.
The "Spirits of the Fifty-five" founding fathers are held in these US Mint 50 State Quarters.
They are bound tightly in the golden British Union Jack sides of this pyramid representing a strong structure of our government.
On the bottom of this pyramid are golden chains representing the voters.
"We the People" have ALL the power. We exert influence and pressure upwards from our towns, villages, cities, counties, and states through our CONSTITUTION. It is stronger than the great four-sided pyramid of Egypt.
The Founding Fathers set up our government with protections, controls, "checks and balances".
On the first side of this pyramid is our Legislature, the U S Congress.
Second is the Executive, the President.
Third is the Supreme Court, our justice.
Now it is time to add to our Constitution, the fourth.
The Parties.
“We the People” should place in our Constitution controls, protections, and "check and balances" upon parties.
First Minutemen [15]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts
and First Revolutionary War Navel Battle https://revolutionarywarjournal.com/battle-of-machias-first-naval-battle-of-the-american-revolution/
This is about the Minute Men of Massachusetts including those of the of Machias, District of Maine.
The first minutemen of the American Revolution organized in Worcester County, Massachusetts in September of 1774.
WORCESTER REVOLT
Worcester also had a role in the start of the American Revolution, with an event that is oft-forgotten. On September 6, 1774, 4,622 militiamen from 37 towns in Worcester County assembled and marched on Main Street, Worcester; they sought to shut down Crown's courts before it could sit for a new session. The event was dubbed the Worcester Revolution, or the Worcester Revolt. Having seized the courthouse, the militiamen waited for the 25 appointees from the crown to arrive, where they were denied entry and later forced to disavow their appointments by King George III. Bloodshed and violence were avoided, with not a shot fired. British authority had been demonstrably overthrown in the American colonies for the first time.
[15]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts
The British government in February 1775 declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord
On April 19,1775, local militiamen clashed with British soldiers in the Battles of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts, marking the “shot heard round the world” that signified the start of the Revolutionary War.
https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history
On May 14, 1775 North of Martha's Vineyard in the waters of Buzzard Bay, off the coast of Fairhaven, Mass., one of the first naval battles was fought just 25 days after the Battle of Lexington and Concord.
The 1st Battle of Michias June11 & 12 was another of the first navel battles, referred to as the LEXINGTON OF THE SEA.
Ichabod Jones was a merchant trader who traded between Boston and Machias between 1765 and 1775. He had homes in Boston and Machias. On June 2, 1775, he arrived at Machias escorted by the schooner, the HMS Margaretta under the command of 3d Lieutenant James Moore (or Moor) of the Royal Navy. They were accompanied by 2 transport sloops owned by Ichabod Jones.
Capt. Jones commanded the Unity (80 tons) and Capt. Horton the Polly (90 tons). The sloops, owned by Captain Ichabod Jones, were to take on a cargo of lumber destined for use by the British garrison in Boston. The armed patrol schooner Margaretta (50 tons with typical crew of around 40) armed with four 4-pounder cannon and a dozen swivel one-pounders was under the command of Midshipman James Moore.
As before, most of the town’s residents were fine with the sale of lumber. But a small vocal number of patriots, many who had not signed the petition, were persistent in denying Jones’ purchase of lumber. Reverend Lyons challenged the petition and sale of lumber, and a meeting was arranged at the Burnham Tavern for a vote.
“On the 3d instant, a paper was handed about for the people to sign, as a prerequisite to their obtaining any provisions, of which we were in great want. The contents of this paper, required the signers to indulge Capt Jones in carrying Lumber to Boston, & to protect him and his property, at all events…On the 6th the people generally assembled at the place appointed, and seemed so averse to the measures proposed, that Capt. Jones privately went down to the Tender [H.M.S. Margaretta] & caused her to move up so near the Town that her Guns would reach the Houses…. The people…considering themselves nearly as prisoners of war…passed a Vote, that Capt Jones might proceed in his Business as usual without molestation, that they would purchase the provisions he brought into the place and pay him according to Contract.“
“After obtaining this Vote, Capt. Jones immediately ordered his Vessels ( Unity and Polly) to the Wharf & distributed his provisions among those only, who voted in favour of his carrying Lumber to Boston. This gave such offence to the aggrieved party that they determined to take Capt. Jones, if possible, & put a final stop to his supplying the Kings troops with anything.”
“…a party of [settlers] went directly to stripping the sloop that lay at the wharf, [the Unity]and another party went off to take possession of the other sloop [the Polly]…The tender [Margaretta] did not fire, but weighed her anchors…in the dusk of the evening, fell down and came within musket shot of the sloop [the Polly], which obliged our people to slip their cable and run the sloop aground.”
Foster and O’Brien, with several men, came down river in canoes and small boats and lined the shore directly across from the Margaretta. Lyons continues:
“having demanded her to surrender to America, received for answer, ‘fire and be damn’d’: they immediately fired in upon her, which she returned, and a smart engagement ensued.”
At Job Burnham Tavern, the Sons of Liberty boys and some of the members of the Committee of Safety planned to capture the British officers while they were in the Machias Congregational church on Sunday June 11. Reverend James Lyons of the Machias Congregational Church was ordained Dec 5, 1764, at Princeton College, NJ.
On June 11, 1775, Benjamin Foster, owner of a sawmill on the East River (now East Machias), organized a group of men determined to capture Captain Jones and his sloops. Jeremiah O'Brien and his five brothers, Gideon, Joseph, Dennis, John, and William decided to join Foster in his plan.
http://www.newhousegetchell.net/lyons-committee-report.htm
https://revolutionarywarjournal.com/battle-of-machias-first-naval-battle-of-the-american-revolution/
On June 11, the townspeople seized Jones. Margaretta's officers escaped through the windows in the church and returned safely to their ship. They then threatened to bombard the town unless Jones surrendered from the town. Jeremiah O’Brien, aided by some forty men armed with axes, pitchforks, guns, and swords, boarded and seized the sloop Unity (it was renamed the Machias Liberty). The Sons of Liberty from canoes and cod fishing dories exchanged gunfire with the “Margaretta” which was anchored offshore. The Margaretta pulled its anchor and at ebbing tide drifted down the Machias River. It set anchor (two- and one-half miles) east at the confluence of the Machias River with the East Machias River and set anchor. The Sons of Liberty, a group of 40 volunteers organized a pursuit, led by Jeremiah O'Brien and Benjamin Foster, and they captured the (HMS) Unity and grounded the (HMS) Polly. At East River, Benjamin Foster, followed by about twenty patriots, prepared the FALMOUTH PACKET, a small sloop, to join the UNITY now Jeremiah O'Brien as captain and Edmund Stevens, lieutenant, UNITY in pursuit of the (HMS) Margaretta.
On June 12, 1775, Captain Benjamin Foster, on the Falmouth Packet, with carriage guns, small arms, and 20 men, and Captain Jeremiah O ’Brien, on the UNITY, set sail to capture the Margaretta.
On June 12, the midshipman attempted to escape by sailing into Machias Bay but was becalmed. It was just three miles into Machias Bay past Holmes point near Round Island and no wind to maneuver. The Unity rowed and towed to the “Margaretta.” The UNITY pulled aside Margaretta commanded by Midshipman James Moore. On the other side UNITY was joined by the sloop Falmouth Packet.
They fired upon and boarded the ship. During boarding they fatally wounded Moore. He became a casualty of the Revolutionary War's first naval engagement. Also, impressed Captain Robert Avery, the helmsman of the Margaretta was shot and killed by Knight.
More reliable sources give Joseph Getchell and O’Brien’s brother, John, as the ones leading the rebel boarding party. Both sides exchanged shots and came at each other with axes and swords. On board the Unity, Samuel Watts was one of the two musket shooters who shot and killed Midshipman James Moore. Joseph Getchell and O’Brien’s brother, John, led the rebel boarding party. When Moore, captain of the Margaretta, threw several grenades onto the Unity, he was shot twice in the chest. Moore died a few days later from his wounds.
Since Moore was grievously wounded in the battle, his second-in-command, Midshipman Richard Stillingfleet, surrendered the crew and the vessel. Moore was taken back to Machias and put into the care of Ichabod Jones's nephew, Stephen Jones. However, Moore's wounds were too severe, and he died the following day. Three other members of Moore's crew were killed, including Robert Avery. The remaining crew members of the British schooner were held at Machias for a month, then handed over to the Massachusetts Provincial Congress.[3] Rumors circulated that as many as 100 British men died in the battle.[22] Machias lost two men, John McNiell and James Coolbroth, and three others were badly wounded: John Berry, who had a musket ball enter his mouth and exit behind his ear, Isaac Taft, and James Cole.[23]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Machias
For all Date(s): Machias, Maine (then Massachusetts) 06/11/1775-06/12/1775 Ten British were killed and 5 wounded. Three Sons of Liberty were killed and nine wounded.
on July 15, 1775, Foster, working with Jeremiah O ’Brien, seized the British armed cutter Tatmagush and Diligent in Machias Harbor.
Under the Resolves of the Massachusetts General Court on August 21, 1775, the MACHIAS LIBERTY and the DILIGENT became the first two vessels of the Massachusetts Navy. O’Brien was placed in command and thus became the first captain of the Massachusetts Navy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Falmouth
The Burning of Falmouth (PORTLAND MAINE, October 18, 1775) was an attack by a fleet of Royal Navy vessels on the town of Falmouth, Massachusetts.
Below Luckey dressed as Reverend James Lyons of the Machias Congregational Church April of 1775. Reverend James Lyons of the Machias Congregational Church in 1775 reported the first naval battle of the American Revolution at Machias Bay District of Maine. Luckey is pictured as him in fife, drum, harmonica “brown Bess musket”, sword, and bible.
